Oral ve maksillofasiyal patolojilerin incelenmesi: 5 yýllýk retrospektif çalýþma

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diþ Hekimliði Fakültesi'ne baþvuran her yaþ grubu ve cinsiyetten oluþan olgulardan elde edilen ve histopatolojik tanýsý konulan oral ve maksillofasiyal lezyonlarýn sýklýðýný, daðýlýmýný, yaþ ve cinsiyete göre belirlemek ve literatüre kazandýrmaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 2010-2015 yýllarý arasýnda Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diþ Hekimliði Fakültesi Aðýz, Diþ ve Çene Radyolojisi Anabilim Dalý'nda bulunan histopatolojik tanýlý oral ve maksillofasiyal bölge patoloji verileri retrospektif olarak incelenmiþtir. Lezyonlar inflamatuvar/reaktif, kistik ve tümör/tümör benzeri olarak sýnýflandýrýlmýþ ve yaþ, cinsiyet, histopatolojik taný ve bulunduðu bölgelere göre daðýlýmlarý incelenmiþtir. Deðiþkenler tanýmlayýcý istatistikler kullanýlarak analiz edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Maksillofasiyal lezyonu bulunan toplam 374 olgunun 184’ü (%49,2) erkek, 190'ý (%50,8) kadýn olup yaþ ortalamasý 36,7±18,3’tür. 18 yaþ altý olgularýn sayýsý 75 (%20,1), 18 yaþ ve üzeri olgularýn sayýsý 299’dur (%79,9). Bu lezyonlarýn 157'si inflamatuar/reaktif (%42), 125'i (%33,4) kist ve 92'si tümör/tümör benzeri lezyon (%24,6) olarak bulunmuþtur. En sýk bildirilen taný radiküler kist (%24,6) olup bunu iltihabi granülasyon dokusu (%22,2) izlemiþtir. Ýnflamatuar/reaktif lezyonlarda en sýk karþýlaþýlan iltihabi granülasyon dokusu (%52,9) ve kistler içinde en yaygýn görülen radiküler kisttir (%73,6). Benign lezyonlar malign lezyonlardan 11,9 kat daha yaygýn bulunmuþtur. Tümör/ tümör benzeri lezyonlarýn %92,4'ünün benign, %7,6'sýnýn malign olduðu saptanmýþtýr. Periferal dev hücreli granülom (%31,5), tümör/tümör benzeri lezyonlar arasýnda en yaygýn olanýdýr. Skuamöz hücreli karsinom en sýk görülen malign tümör/tümör benzeri lezyondur ve tüm malignitelerin %28,5'ini oluþturmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu retrospektif çalýþma, özellikle Güneydoðu Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir grup Türk popülasyonunda oral ve maksillofasiyal bölgedeki inflamatuar/reaktif lezyonlar, kistler ve tümör/tümör benzeri lezyonlarýn daðýlýmý, sýklýðý ve özelliklerinin farklý popülasyonlardaki çalýþmalar ile karþýlaþtýrma yapmayý saðlamakta ve maksillofasiyal lezyonlarýn tanýsal önemini göstermektedir.

Investigation of oral and maxillofacial pathologies: A 5-year retrospective study

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to detect the distribution and frequency of oral and maxillofacial lesions obtained from the cases of whole age groups and genders who applied to Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry according to age and gender.
METHODS: Oral and maxillofacial pathologies with histopathological diagnosis in Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department between 2010-2015 was investigated retrospectively. The lesions were classified as inflammatory/ reactive, cystic and tumor/tumor-like and the variables were examined as followed: age, gender, histopathological diagnosis and distribution of the regions. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: A total of the 374 cases with maxillofacial lesions, 184 (49.2%) were male and 190 (50.8%) were female. The average age was 36.7±18.3 years. The number of cases under the age of 18 years was 75 (20.1%) and the number of cases aged 18 and over was 299 (79.9%). These lesions, 157 were inflammatory/reactive (42%), 125 (33.4%) were cyst and 92 were tumor/tumor-like lesions (24.6%). The most frequently encountered diagnosis was radicular cyst (24.6%) followed by inflammatory granulation tissue (22.2%). Among the inflammatory/reactive lesions, the most prevalent was inflammatory granulation tissue (52.9%). Radicular cyst was the most frequent among the cysts (73.6%). Benign lesions 11.9 times more common than malignant lesions. The rate of benign tumor/ tumor-like lesions was 92.4%, whereas the rate of malignant lesions was 7.6%. Peripheral giant cell granuloma (31.5%) was the most common tumor/tumor-like lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor/tumor-like lesion and constituted 28.5% of overall malignancies.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study ensures that the distribution, frequency and characteristics of inflammatory/ reactive lesions, cysts and tumor/tumor-like lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region in a group of Turkish population, especially in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, make comparison with studies in different populations and shows the diagnostic importance of maxillofacial lesions.