Obezite-periodontal hastalýk iliþkisi ve rol oynayan olasý mekanizmalar

“Saðlýðý bozacak ölçüde vücutta anormal veya aþýrý miktarda yað birikimi’’ olarak tanýmlanan obezite kronik, inflamatuar, multifaktöriyel bir hastalýktýr. Sedanter yaþam tarzý ve yüksek yaðlý diyet tüketiminin yol açtýðý obezite tüm yaþ gruplarýnda hýzla artarak küresel bir sorun ve halk saðlýðý problemi haline gelmiþtir. Birçok kronik inflamatuar hastalýk ve kanser geliþimi için temel risk faktörü olduðu belirlenen obezitenin periodontitise duyarlýlýðý da arttýrdýðý ileri sürülmüþtür. Periodontal hastalýk, birçok faktör tarafýndan modifiye edilebilen, diþleri destekleyen dokularýn kronik inflamatuar, multifaktöriyel hastalýðýdýr. Hem obezite hem de periodontitis sistemik inflamasyonla iliþkili olduðundan, bu iki durumun ortak bir patofizyoloji ile baðlantýlý olduðu söylenebilir. Obezite ile periodontitis arasýndaki iliþkiyi araþtýran çalýþmalar, aþýrý kilolu / obez kiþilerde artmýþ periodontitis riskinin görüldüðünü bildirmiþlerdir. Bu iliþkideki patofizyolojik mekanizmalar belirsiz olsa da, kronik inflamatuar durum ve oksidatif stresin sonucu olarak insülin direnci geliþiminin obezite ile periodontitis arasýndaki iliþkide rol oynayabileceði belirtilmiþtir. Bu derlemede mevcut literatürün ýþýðý altýnda, obezite-periodontal hastalýk iliþkisi ve bu iliþkide rol oynayan olasý mekanizmalar özetlenmektedir.

Obesity-periodontal disease relationship and mechanisms involved

Obesity defined as ‘‘abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that may impair health’’ is a chronic, inflammatory, multifactorial disease. Obesity, caused by sedentary lifestyle and high-fat diet, has increased rapidly in all age groups and has become a global issue and a public health problem. It has been suggested that obesity, which was identified as a major risk factor for the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, also increases susceptibility to periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory, multifactorial disease of tissues supporting teeth, which can be modified by many factors. Since both obesity and periodontitis are associated with systemic inflammation, these two diseases were thought to be connected by a common pathophysiology. Studies investigating the relationship between obesity and periodontitis have reported an increased risk of periodontitis in overweight / obese individuals. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms in this relationship are uncertain, it has been stated that the development of insulin resistance as a result of chronic inflammatory condition and oxidative stress may play a role in the relationship between obesity and periodontitis. In this review, in the light of current literature, the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease and the possible mechanisms involved in this relationship are summarized.